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這篇文章給大家介紹 LogMiner 如何在 Oracle 中使用，內容非常詳細，感興趣的小伙伴們可以參考借鑒，希望對大家能有所幫助。
LogMiner 介紹
LogMiner 是 Oracle 公司從產品 8i 以后提供的一個實際非常有用的分析工具，使用該工具可以輕松獲得 Oracle 重做日志文件（歸檔日志文件）中的具體內容，LogMiner 分析工具實際上是由一組 PL/SQL 包和一些動態視圖組成，它作為 Oracle 數據庫的一部分來發布，是 oracle 公司提供的一個完全免費的工具。
環境：Oracle 11.2.0.4 RAC
1. 查詢當前日志組
使用 sys 用戶查詢 Oracle 數據庫的當前日志組:
--1.current log
SQL select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 1 29 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 1547838 25-JUN-17 1547840 25-JUN-17
2 1 30 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1567897 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14 27-JUN-17
3 2 25 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1567902 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
4 2 24 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 1567900 27-JUN-17 1567902 27-JUN-17這里當前日志（current）是：
thread 1 sequence 30
thread 2 sequence 25
2. 業務用戶插入操作
模擬業務用戶 jingyu 插入 T2 表數據：
--2. 業務用戶插入操作
sqlplus jingyu/jingyu@jyzhao
SQL select count(1) from t2;
COUNT(1)
----------
0
SQL insert into t2 select rownum, rownum, rownum, dbms_random.string(b ,50) from dual connect by level = 100000 order by dbms_random.random;
commit;
100000 rows created.
SQL
Commit complete.
SQL select count(1) from t2;
COUNT(1)
----------
1000003. 歸檔日志切換
為了區分每個日志的不同操作，這里對數據庫進行手工歸檔切換，模擬現實中實際的歸檔切換。
--3. 模擬歸檔日志切換
SQL alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 1 31 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1572517 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
2 1 30 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1567897 27-JUN-17 1572517 27-JUN-17
3 2 25 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1567902 27-JUN-17 1572521 27-JUN-17
4 2 26 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1572521 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+144. 業務用戶插入操作
模擬業務用戶 jingyu 刪除 T2 表部分數據：
--4. 業務用戶刪除操作
SQL delete from t2 where id 10000;
9999 rows deleted.
SQL commit;
Commit complete.
SQL select count(1) from t2;
COUNT(1)
----------
900015. 歸檔日志切換
為了區分每個日志的不同操作，這里對數據庫進行手工歸檔切換，模擬現實中實際的歸檔切換。
--5. 模擬歸檔日志切換
SQL alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 1 31 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1572517 27-JUN-17 1574293 27-JUN-17
2 1 32 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1574293 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
3 2 27 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1574296 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
4 2 26 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1572521 27-JUN-17 1574296 27-JUN-176. 業務用戶更新操作
模擬業務用戶 jingyu 更新 T2 表部分數據：
--6. 業務用戶更新操作
SQL update T2 SET contents = xxx where id 99998;
2 rows updated.
SQL commit;
Commit complete.7. 歸檔日志切換
為了區分每個日志的不同操作，這里對數據庫進行手工歸檔切換，模擬現實中實際的歸檔切換。
--7. 模擬歸檔日志切換
SQL alter system archive log current;
System altered.
SQL select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 1 33 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1575480 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
2 1 32 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1574293 27-JUN-17 1575480 27-JUN-17
3 2 27 52428800 512 2 YES ACTIVE 1574296 27-JUN-17 1575458 27-JUN-17
4 2 28 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1575458 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+148. 確認需要分析的日志
確認之后需要使用 LogMiner 分析的日志：
--8. 確認需要分析的日志
thread# 1 sequence# 30
thread# 2 sequence# 25
這部分日志肯定是有記錄插入操作
thread# 1 sequence# 31
thread# 2 sequence# 26
這部分日志肯定是有記錄刪除操作
thread# 1 sequence# 32
thread# 2 sequence# 27
這部分日志肯定是有記錄更新操作 9. 備份歸檔日志
將相關的歸檔都 copy 備份出來：
--9. 將相關的歸檔都 copy 備份出來
RUN {
allocate channel dev1 device type disk format /tmp/backup/arc_%h_%e_%t
backup as copy archivelog sequence 30 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 31 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 32 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 25 thread 2;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 26 thread 2;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 27 thread 2;
release channel dev1;
}備份出來的歸檔日志文件如下：
[oracle@jyrac1 backup]$ ls -lrth
total 17M
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 2.3M Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_30_947800247
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 591K Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_31_947800249
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 143K Jun 27 21:50 arc_1_32_947800250
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 9.5M Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_25_947800251
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 3.6M Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_26_947800253
-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 77K Jun 27 21:50 arc_2_27_94780025410. 使用 LogMiner 分析
使用 LogMiner 分析歸檔日志：
-- 使用 LogMiner 分析歸檔日志
-- 應該有插入操作的日志
begin
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_1_30_947800247
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_2_25_947800251
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options= dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
-- 應該有刪除操作的日志
begin
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_1_31_947800249
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_2_26_947800253
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options= dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
-- 應該有更新操作的日志
begin
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_1_32_947800250
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_2_27_947800254
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options= dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
/查詢 v$logmnr_contents
set lines 180 pages 500
col username format a8
col sql_redo format a50
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where table_name= T2
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username= JINGYU
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like %JINGYU%
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like insert%JINGYU%
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like delete%JINGYU%
select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like update%JINGYU%實驗發現，以 username 為條件無法查詢到相關記錄，最終確認 username 都是 unknown 而不是真正執行語句的業務用戶 jingyu。
而挖掘出的日志 sql_redo 這個字段是完整的 SQL，可以采用 like 的方式查詢，比如我分析更新操作的日志，就可以得到下面這樣的結果：
SQL -- 應該有更新操作的日志
SQL begin
2 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_1_32_947800250
3 dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_2_27_947800254
4 dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options= dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
5 end;
6 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL select count(1) from v$logmnr_contents;
COUNT(1)
----------
388
SQL select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username= JINGYU
no rows selected
SQL select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where sql_redo like %JINGYU%
USERNAME SCN TIMESTAMP
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
SQL_REDO
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNKNOWN 1575420 27-JUN-17
update JINGYU . T2 set CONTENTS = xxx where CONTENTS = YSWGNNLCLMYWPSLQ
ETVLGQJRKQIEAMOEYUFNRUQULVFRVPEDRV and ROWID = AAAVWVAAGAAAAHnABj
UNKNOWN 1575420 27-JUN-17
update JINGYU . T2 set CONTENTS = xxx where CONTENTS = WHCWFOZVLJWHFWLJ
DNVSMQTORGJFFXYADIOJZWJCDDOYXAOQJG and ROWID = AAAVWVAAGAAAAOYAAE
SQL至此，LogMiner 基本的操作實驗已完成。
附：與 LogMiner 有關的一些操作命令參考：
conn / as sysdba
-- 安裝 LOGMINER
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslmd.sql;
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslm.sql;
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmslms.sql;
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/prvtlm.plb;
-- 停止 logmnr
exec dbms_logmnr.end_logmnr
-- 查詢附加日志開啟情況：select supplemental_log_data_min, supplemental_log_data_pk, supplemental_log_data_ui from v$database;
-- 開啟附加日志
alter database add supplemental log data;
-- 取消補充日志
alter database drop supplemental log data (primary key) columns;
alter database drop supplemental log data (unique) columns;
alter database drop supplemental log data;
-- 最后一個即為新的歸檔
select name,dest_id,thread#,sequence# from v$archived_log;最后確認如果開啟了附加日志，username 就可以捕獲到正確的值：
SQL set lines 180
SQL /
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ------------
1 1 35 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 1590589 27-JUN-17 1591935 27-JUN-17
2 1 36 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1591935 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
3 2 29 52428800 512 2 YES INACTIVE 1590594 27-JUN-17 1591938 27-JUN-17
4 2 30 52428800 512 2 NO CURRENT 1591938 27-JUN-17 2.8147E+14
SQL update t2 set contents =
2 aaa where id = 44449;
1 row updated.
SQL commit;
Commit complete.
RUN {
allocate channel dev1 device type disk format /tmp/backup/arc_%h_%e_%t
backup as copy archivelog sequence 36 thread 1;
backup as copy archivelog sequence 30 thread 2;
release channel dev1;
begin
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_1_36_947808116
dbms_logmnr.add_logfile( /tmp/backup/arc_2_30_947808118
dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(Options= dbms_logmnr.dict_from_online_catalog);
SQL select username,scn,timestamp,sql_redo from v$logmnr_contents where username= JINGYU
USERNAME SCN TIMESTAMP
------------------------------ ---------- ------------
SQL_REDO
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
JINGYU 1593448 27-JUN-17
set transaction read write;
JINGYU 1593448 27-JUN-17
update JINGYU . T2 set CONTENTS = aaa where CONTENTS = WZTSQZWYOCNDFKSMNJQLOLFUBRDOHCBMKXBHAPJSHCMWBYZJVH and ROWID = AAAVWVAAGAAAACLAAL
JINGYU 1593450 27-JUN-17
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