共計 5355 個字符，預計需要花費 14 分鐘才能閱讀完成。
自動寫代碼機器人，免費開通
安裝 Oracle 客戶端挺費時間的，而且大部分功能都用不到，Oracle 官方給出了簡易客戶端，直接解壓就可以使用，下載地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html
下面來看安裝步驟：
1、下載安裝包，我這里把所有的都下載下來了
instantclient-basic-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-basiclite-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-jdbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-odbc-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0-2.zip
instantclient-sdk-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-sqlplus-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
instantclient-tools-linux.x64-12.2.0.1.0.zip
2、unzip 解壓
解壓出來一個目錄 instantclient_12_2
3、配置環境變量
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$PATH
4、配置 tns
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir -p network/admin
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cd network/admin/
[tst1@rhel7 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
ora11g =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.22)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ora11g)
)
)5、測試 sqlplus，成功
[tst1@rhel7 admin]$ sqlplus zx/zx@ora11g
SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 16 12:48:33 2017
Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL6、安裝 sqlldr，我安裝的這個版本的簡易客戶端中有 sqlldr，如果沒有的話需要從其他客戶端或服務端中拷貝，但是我測試執行 sqlldr 報錯：
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ sqlldr
Message 2100 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=ULMessage 2100 not found; No message file for product=RDBMS, facility=UL[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$因為缺少 mesg 文件，從服務端把 rdbms/mesg 下的文件全部拷貝
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir -p rdbms/mesg
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/rdbms/mesg/* rdbms/mesg/再次執行 sqlldr 成功
7、安裝 oerr，簡易客戶端中沒有 oerr 命令，需要從服務端拷貝
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/oerr ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr
/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/oerr: line 29: /home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/perl/bin/perl: No such file or directory執行報錯，說明缺少文件，從服務端拷貝
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/perl/* ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/perl/* ./perl/
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1
Can't open perl script "/home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/bin/oerr.pl": (null)
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir bin
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ scp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/oerr.pl ./bin/
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1
Could not open facilities list file: /home/tst1/instantclient_12_2/lib/facility.lis
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ mkdir lib
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/lib/facility.lis ./lib/
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ oerr ora 1
00001, 00000, "unique constraint (%s.%s) violated"
// *Cause: An UPDATE or INSERT statement attempted to insert a duplicate key.
// For Trusted Oracle configured in DBMS MAC mode, you may see
// this message if a duplicate entry exists at a different level.
// *Action: Either remove the unique restriction or do not insert the key.注意：oerr 也使用到了 rdbms/mesg 目錄下的文件，只不過第 6 步把整個目錄都拷貝過來了，這里就省事了。
8、安裝 tnsping，簡易安裝包里也沒有這個工具，需要從服務端拷貝
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/tnsping ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ tnsping
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2017 13:09:12
Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
TNS-03502: Message 3502 not found; No message file for product=network, facility=TNS執行報錯，因為缺少 mesg 文件
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/network/mesg/ ./network/
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ tnsping 192.168.56.22:1521/ora11g
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-NOV-2017 13:11:04
Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used HOSTNAME adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION=(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ora11g))(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.56.22)(PORT=1521)))
OK (10 msec)安裝成功。
9、安裝 exp、imp、expdp、impdp，安裝包中沒有，直接從服務端拷貝
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/imp ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/exp ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/impdp ./
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2/db_home1/bin/expdp ./imp 和 exp 測試沒有問題，但 expdp 和 impdp 報錯：
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ expdp
Segmentation fault
[tst1@rhel7 instantclient_12_2]$ impdp
Segmentation fault查詢 MOS 找到解決方法，在環境變量中添加 export NLS_LANG=American_America.ZHS16GBK
問題解決。
至此，簡單客戶端安裝完成，可以把整個目錄打個包，給其他機器安裝時直接解壓，配置環境變量就可以使用了。比安裝客戶端方便的多。
備注：
如果在使用某個工具報缺少庫文件時可以使用 ldd 命令查看該命令缺少哪個庫文件，如下所示：
[root@host77 instantclient_11_2]# ldd sqlldr
linux-vdso.so.1 = (0x00007fffe63fe000)
libclntsh.so.11.1 = not found
libnnz11.so = not found
libpthread.so.0 = /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f014b85c000)
libdl.so.2 = /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f014b658000)
libm.so.6 = /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f014b355000)
libnsl.so.1 = /lib64/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007f014b13c000)
libc.so.6 = /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f014ad7b000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f014ba8b000)從上面的輸出可以看出缺少 libclntsh.so.11.1 和 libnnz11.so 這兩個文件，從服務端拷貝即可。
參考：http://hanqunfeng.iteye.com/blog/1955277
向 AI 問一下細節
丸趣 TV 網 – 提供最優質的資源集合！
