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這篇文章主要介紹了 Mac 上如何實現(xiàn)終端管理 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫,具有一定借鑒價值,需要的朋友可以參考下。希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大有收獲。下面讓丸趣 TV 小編帶著大家一起了解一下。
打開終端輸入如下命令:
/usr/local/MySQL/bin/mysql -u root -p
其中 root 為用戶名。
這時會出現(xiàn)如下命令:
Enter password:
此時如果你沒有改密碼,直接敲回車。否則,輸入你的密碼。
這樣就可以訪問你的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務器了。
1、的操作及管理
數(shù)據(jù)表的基
數(shù)據(jù)庫(database)管理
1.1 create 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫
create database firstDB;
1.2 show 查看所有數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql show databases;+--------------------+| Database |
+--------------------+| information_schema |
| firstDB |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |+--------------------+rows in set (0.00 sec)
1.3 alter 修改數(shù)據(jù)庫
alter 命令修改數(shù)據(jù)庫編碼:
默認創(chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫默認不支持中文字符,如果我們需要它支持中文字符,則將它的編碼設(shè)置為 utf8 格式:
mysql ALTER DATABASE testDB CHARACTER SET UTF8;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
1.4 use 使用數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql use firstDB;
Database changed
1.5 查看當前使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql select database();
+------------+| database() |
+------------+| firstdb |
+------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
1.6 drop 刪除數(shù)據(jù)庫
mysql drop database firstDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2、數(shù)據(jù)表(table)管理
我們首先創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫,提供我們往后的使用:
mysql create database testDB;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
創(chuàng)建后記得用 use 命令進入(使用)數(shù)據(jù)庫,不然后面的操作都會不成功的。
2.1 create 創(chuàng)建表
mysql create table PEOPLE (- ID int AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, - NAME varchar(20) not null, - AGE int not null, - BIRTHDAY datetime);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2.2 show 顯示表
顯示當前數(shù)據(jù)庫所有的數(shù)據(jù)表
mysql show tables;
+------------------+| Tables_in_testdb |
+------------------+| PEOPLE |
+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2.3 desc 查看表結(jié)構(gòu)
mysql desc PEOPLE -
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2.4 alter 修改表結(jié)構(gòu)(增、刪、改)
默認創(chuàng)建的表不支持中文字符,所以需將表編碼設(shè)置為 utf8:
mysql ALTER TABLE KEYCHAIN CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET UTF8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
2.4.1 insert 在表中添加列(字段)
mysql alter table PEOPLE add star BOOL;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
提示:在 MySQL 里,布爾類型會自動轉(zhuǎn)換為 tinyint(1) 類型。
我們不妨使用 desc 去查看一下 PEOPLE 表結(jié)構(gòu):
mysql desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| star | tinyint(1) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
現(xiàn)在,你該相信我了吧?
2.4.2 alter 修改表(列)字段
mysql alter table PEOPLE MODIFY star int;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
也可以指定 int(n) 的長度,比如 int(2)。
我們再次使用 desc 查看 PEOPLE 表結(jié)構(gòu):
mysql desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| star | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.4.3 delete 刪除表(列)字段
mysql alter table PEOPLE DROP column star;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
刪除后,再次查看 PEOPLE 表結(jié)構(gòu):
mysql desc PEOPLE;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+| ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| NAME | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| AGE | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| BIRTHDAY | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
刪除字段成功,現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)不能看到 star 的字段了。
2.4.4 rename 重命名表名
mysql RENAME TABLE PEOPLE TO NEW_PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
2.4.5 null or not null
修改表字段允許為空或不允許為空:
mysql ALTER TABLE PEOPLE MODIFY AGE INT(3) NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
把 PEOPLE 表的 AGE 字段設(shè)置成“允許為空”,即插入記錄時這個字段可以不錄入。否則相反。
它的格式為:ALTER TABLE MODIFY
mysql create table newTable select * from PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
我們查看一下目前數(shù)據(jù)庫存在的表:
mysql show tables;
+------------------+| Tables_in_testdb |
+------------------+| PEOPLE || newTable |
+------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、數(shù)據(jù)的操作及管理
本操作,包含增、刪、改、查數(shù)據(jù)。
以下命令均在 PEOPLE 表上操作。
3.1 增加數(shù)據(jù)(增)
PEOPLE 表目前是沒有數(shù)據(jù)的,它是空的數(shù)據(jù)表,我們現(xiàn)在先添加一些數(shù)據(jù)。
insert into 命令添加數(shù)據(jù):
mysql insert into PEOPLE VALUES (null, Anny , 22, 1992-05-22
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
使用 select 命令查看表(會在后面介紹),現(xiàn)在我們查看 PEOPLE 數(shù)據(jù)表的數(shù)據(jù):
mysql select * from PEOPLE;
+----+------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |
+----+------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
+----+------+-----+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
數(shù)據(jù)表現(xiàn)在有一條數(shù)據(jù)。
我們多添加幾條數(shù)據(jù),如:
mysql select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 2 | Garvey | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 3 | Lisa | 25 | 1989-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.2 刪除數(shù)據(jù)(刪)
delete 命令刪除數(shù)據(jù):
mysql delete from PEOPLE where name = Lisa
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
再次查詢 PEOPLE 表:
mysql select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 2 | Garvey | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
已經(jīng)看不到名為“Lisa”的數(shù)據(jù)了。
3.3 修改數(shù)據(jù)(改)
update 命令修改數(shù)據(jù):
mysql update PEOPLE set name= Calvin where name = Garvey
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
查詢 PEOPLE 表內(nèi)容:
mysql select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 2 | Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
名為“Garvey”的記錄已經(jīng)修改為“Calvin”。
3.4 查詢數(shù)據(jù)(查)
select 命令查詢數(shù)據(jù),最簡單的就是查詢表的所有數(shù)據(jù),也就是我們最初使用到的那條命令:
mysql select * from PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 2 | Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
格式:select * from 表名,* 代表所有字段。
查詢數(shù)據(jù)時也可指定顯示的(列)字段:
mysql select NAME, AGE, BIRTHDAY from PEOPLE;
+--------+-----+---------------------+| NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |
+--------+-----+---------------------+| Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
| Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
| Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 || Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
+--------+-----+---------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
格式:select 字段名, 字段名,… from 表名。
select 查詢命令還有很多的高級用法,比如用來查找不重復(distinct)的數(shù)據(jù),使數(shù)據(jù)按條件排序(order by),按查詢條件顯示數(shù)據(jù)(where)等等。這些都會在下一篇文章作重點介紹,請大家繼續(xù)留意我的博客,謝謝。
4、管理視圖
4.1 創(chuàng)建視圖
視圖是從數(shù)據(jù)庫里導出一個或多個表的虛擬表,是用來方便用戶對數(shù)據(jù)的操作。
mysql CREATE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW (- NAME, AGE)
- AS SELECT NAME, AGE FROM PEOPLE;
創(chuàng)建成功后查看視圖。
PEOPLE PEOPLE.AGE PEOPLE.BIRTHDAY PEOPLE.ID PEOPLE.NAME mysql SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW
- +--------+-----+
| NAME | AGE |
+--------+-----+
| Anny | 22 |
| Calvin | 23 |
| Nick | 24 |
| Rick | 24 |
+--------+-----+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
我們也可以使用 DESC 命令查看視圖的結(jié)構(gòu)。
mysql DESC PEOPLE_VIEW;
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+| ID | int(11) | NO | | 0 | |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)
4.2 替換視圖
創(chuàng)建或替換原有視圖。
mysql CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW(PEOPLE_ID,PEOPLE_NAME,PEOPLE_AGE) AS SELECT ID,NAME,AGE FROM PEOPLE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
創(chuàng)建或替換后查看視圖。
mysql SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW;
+-----------+-------------+------------+| PEOPLE_ID | PEOPLE_NAME | PEOPLE_AGE |
+-----------+-------------+------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 |
| 2 | Calvin | 23 |
| 4 | Nick | 24 || 5 | Rick | 24 |
+-----------+-------------+------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4.3 操作視圖
當視圖數(shù)據(jù)有變化時(增、刪、改),真實的表數(shù)據(jù)也會隨著改變。也就是說,對視圖的操作就是對表的數(shù)據(jù),所以我們可以把視圖當作表。
例:往視圖插入一條數(shù)據(jù)。
mysql INSERT INTO PEOPLE_VIEW VALUES(NULL, Kerry , 33
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
插入數(shù)據(jù)成功后查看視圖。
mysql SELECT * FROM PEOPLE_VIEW ;
+-----------+-------------+------------+| PEOPLE_ID | PEOPLE_NAME | PEOPLE_AGE |
+-----------+-------------+------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 |
| 2 | Calvin | 23 |
| 4 | Nick | 24 |
| 5 | Rick | 24 || 6 | Kerry | 33 |
+-----------+-------------+------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可以在視圖上看到我們剛剛插入的數(shù)據(jù),現(xiàn)在我們就來驗證一下真實的表是否也會作出變化。
mysql SELECT * FROM PEOPLE;
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| ID | NAME | AGE | BIRTHDAY |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+| 1 | Anny | 22 | 1992-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 2 | Calvin | 23 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Nick | 24 | 1990-05-22 00:00:00 |
| 5 | Rick | 24 | 1991-05-22 00:00:00 || 6 | Kerry | 33 | NULL |
+----+--------+-----+---------------------+5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
可見,真實的表數(shù)據(jù)也已經(jīng)有所改變,剛剛往視圖里插入的那一條數(shù)據(jù)存在于真實表中,真理便是:對視圖的操作就是對表的數(shù)據(jù)。
4.4 刪除視圖
mysql DROP VIEW PEOPLE_VIEW;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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