共計 16817 個字符,預計需要花費 43 分鐘才能閱讀完成。
這期內(nèi)容當中丸趣 TV 小編將會給大家?guī)碛嘘P Kubernetes 怎樣部署 Nebula 圖數(shù)據(jù)庫集群,文章內(nèi)容豐富且以專業(yè)的角度為大家分析和敘述,閱讀完這篇文章希望大家可以有所收獲。
Kubernetes 是什么
Kubernetes 是一個開源的,用于管理云平臺中多個主機上的容器化的應用,Kubernetes 的目標是讓部署容器化的應用簡單并且高效,Kubernetes 提供了應用部署,規(guī)劃,更新,維護的一種機制。
Kubernetes 在設計結構上定義了一系列的構建模塊,其目的是為了提供一個可以部署、維護和擴展應用程序的機制,組成 Kubernetes 的組件設計概念為松耦合和可擴展的,這樣可以使之滿足多種不同的工作負載。可擴展性在很大程度上由 Kubernetes
API 提供,此 API 主要被作為擴展的內(nèi)部組件以及 Kubernetes 上運行的容器來使用。
Kubernetes 主要由以下幾個核心組件組成:
etcd 保存了整個集群的狀態(tài)
apiserver 提供了資源操作的唯一入口,并提供認證、授權、訪問控制、API 注冊和發(fā)現(xiàn)等機制
controller manager 負責維護集群的狀態(tài),比如故障檢測、自動擴展、滾動更新等
scheduler 負責資源的調(diào)度,按照預定的調(diào)度策略將 Pod 調(diào)度到相應的機器上
kubelet 負責維護容器的生命周期,同時也負責 Volume 和網(wǎng)絡的管理
Container runtime 負責鏡像管理以及 Pod 和容器的真正運行(CRI)
kube-proxy 負責為 Service 提供 cluster 內(nèi)部的服務發(fā)現(xiàn)和負載均衡
除了核心組件,還有一些推薦的 Add-ons:
kube-dns 負責為整個集群提供 DNS 服務
Ingress Controller 為服務提供外網(wǎng)入口
Heapster 提供資源監(jiān)控
Dashboard 提供 GUI
Federation 提供跨可用區(qū)的集群
Fluentd-elasticsearch 提供集群日志采集、存儲與查詢
Kubernetes 和數(shù)據(jù)庫
數(shù)據(jù)庫容器化是最近的一大熱點,那么 Kubernetes 能為數(shù)據(jù)庫帶來什么好處呢?
故障恢復: Kubernetes 提供故障恢復的功能,數(shù)據(jù)庫應用如果宕掉,Kubernetes 可以將其自動重啟,或者將數(shù)據(jù)庫實例遷移到集群中其他節(jié)點上
存儲管理: Kubernetes 提供了豐富的存儲接入方案,數(shù)據(jù)庫應用能透明地使用不同類型的存儲系統(tǒng)
負載均衡: Kubernetes Service 提供負載均衡功能,能將外部訪問平攤給不同的數(shù)據(jù)庫實例副本上
水平拓展: Kubernetes 可以根據(jù)當前數(shù)據(jù)庫集群的資源利用率情況,縮放副本數(shù)目,從而提升資源的利用率
目前很多數(shù)據(jù)庫,如:MySQL,MongoDB 和 TiDB 在 Kubernetes 集群中都能運行很良好。
Nebula Graph 在 Kubernetes 中的實踐
Nebula Graph 是一個分布式的開源圖數(shù)據(jù)庫,主要組件有:Query Engine 的 graphd,數(shù)據(jù)存儲的 storaged,和元數(shù)據(jù)的 meted。在 Kubernetes 實踐過程中,它主要給圖數(shù)據(jù)庫 Nebula Graph 帶來了以下的好處:
Kubernetes 能分攤 nebula graphd,metad 和 storaged 不副本之間的負載。graphd,metad 和 storaged 可以通過 Kubernetes 的域名服務自動發(fā)現(xiàn)彼此。
通過 storageclass,pvc 和 pv 可以屏蔽底層存儲細節(jié),無論使用本地卷還是云盤,Kubernetes 均可以屏蔽這些細節(jié)。
通過 Kubernetes 可以在幾秒內(nèi)成功部署一套 Nebula 集群,Kubernetes 也可以無感知地實現(xiàn) Nebula 集群的升級。
Nebula 集群通過 Kubernetes 可以做到自我恢復,單體副本 crash,Kubernetes 可以重新將其拉起,無需運維人員介入。
Kubernetes 可以根據(jù)當前 Nebula 集群的資源利用率情況水平伸縮 Nebula 集群,從而提供集群的性能。
下面來講解下具體的實踐內(nèi)容。
集群部署硬件和軟件要求
這里主要羅列下本文部署涉及到的機器、操作系統(tǒng)參數(shù)
操作系統(tǒng)使用的 CentOS-7.6.1810 x86_64
虛擬機配置
4 CPU
8G 內(nèi)存
50G 系統(tǒng)盤
50G 數(shù)據(jù)盤 A
50G 數(shù)據(jù)盤 B
Kubernetes 集群版本 v1.16
Nebula 版本為 v1.0.0-rc3
使用本地 PV 作為數(shù)據(jù)存儲
kubernetes 集群規(guī)劃
以下為集群清單
服務器 IPnebula 實例 role192.168.0.1
k8s-master192.168.0.2graphd, metad-0, storaged-0k8s-slave192.168.0.3graphd, metad-1, storaged-1k8s-slave192.168.0.4graphd, metad-2, storaged-2k8s-slaveKubernetes 待部署組件
安裝 Helm
準備本地磁盤,并安裝本地卷插件
安裝 nebula 集群
安裝 ingress-controller
安裝 Helm
Helm 是 Kubernetes 集群上的包管理工具,類似 CentOS 上的 yum,Ubuntu 上的 apt-get。使用 Helm 可以極大地降低使用 Kubernetes 部署應用的門檻。由于本篇文章不做 Helm 詳細介紹,有興趣的小伙伴可自行閱讀
《Helm 入門指南》
下載安裝 Helm
使用下面命令在終端執(zhí)行即可安裝 Helm
[root@nebula ~]# wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.0.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@nebula ~]# tar -zxvf helm/helm-v3.0.1-linux-amd64.tgz
[root@nebula ~]# mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/bin/helm
[root@nebula ~]# chmod +x /usr/bin/helm
查看 Helm 版本
執(zhí)行
helm version 命令即可查看對應的 Helm 版本,以文本為例,以下為輸出結果:
version.BuildInfo{
Version: v3.0.1 ,
GitCommit: 7c22ef9ce89e0ebeb7125ba2ebf7d421f3e82ffa ,
GitTreeState: clean ,
GoVersion: go1.13.4
}
設置本地磁盤
在每臺機器上做如下配置
創(chuàng)建 mount 目錄
[root@nebula ~]# sudo mkdir -p /mnt/disks
格式化數(shù)據(jù)盤
[root@nebula ~]# sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/diskA
[root@nebula ~]# sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/diskB
掛載數(shù)據(jù)盤
[root@nebula ~]# DISKA_UUID=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/diskA)
[root@nebula ~]# DISKB_UUID=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/diskB)
[root@nebula ~]# sudo mkdir /mnt/disks/$DISKA_UUID
[root@nebula ~]# sudo mkdir /mnt/disks/$DISKB_UUID
[root@nebula ~]# sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/diskA /mnt/disks/$DISKA_UUID
[root@nebula ~]# sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/diskB /mnt/disks/$DISKB_UUID
[root@nebula ~]# echo UUID=`sudo blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/diskA` /mnt/disks/$DISKA_UUID ext4 defaults 0 2 | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
[root@nebula ~]# echo UUID=`sudo blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/diskB` /mnt/disks/$DISKB_UUID ext4 defaults 0 2 | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
部署本地卷插件
[root@nebula ~]# curl https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/sig-storage-local-static-provisioner/archive/v2.3.3.zip
[root@nebula ~]# unzip v2.3.3.zip
修改 v2.3.3/helm/provisioner/values.yaml
#
# Common options.
common:
#
# Defines whether to generate service account and role bindings.
#
rbac: true
#
# Defines the namespace where provisioner runs
#
namespace: default
#
# Defines whether to create provisioner namespace
#
createNamespace: false
#
# Beta PV.NodeAffinity field is used by default. If running against pre-1.10
# k8s version, the `useAlphaAPI` flag must be enabled in the configMap.
#
useAlphaAPI: false
#
# Indicates if PVs should be dependents of the owner Node.
#
setPVOwnerRef: false
#
# Provisioner clean volumes in process by default. If set to true, provisioner
# will use Jobs to clean.
#
useJobForCleaning: false
#
# Provisioner name contains Node.UID by default. If set to true, the provisioner
# name will only use Node.Name.
#
useNodeNameOnly: false
#
# Resync period in reflectors will be random between minResyncPeriod and
# 2*minResyncPeriod. Default: 5m0s.
#
#minResyncPeriod: 5m0s
#
# Defines the name of configmap used by Provisioner
#
configMapName: local-provisioner-config
#
# Enables or disables Pod Security Policy creation and binding
#
podSecurityPolicy: false
# Configure storage classes.
classes:
- name: fast-disks # Defines name of storage classe.
# Path on the host where local volumes of this storage class are mounted
# under.
hostDir: /mnt/fast-disks
# Optionally specify mount path of local volumes. By default, we use same
# path as hostDir in container.
# mountDir: /mnt/fast-disks
# The volume mode of created PersistentVolume object. Default to Filesystem
# if not specified.
volumeMode: Filesystem
# Filesystem type to mount.
# It applies only when the source path is a block device,
# and desire volume mode is Filesystem.
# Must be a filesystem type supported by the host operating system.
fsType: ext4
blockCleanerCommand:
# Do a quick reset of the block device during its cleanup.
# - /scripts/quick_reset.sh
# or use dd to zero out block dev in two iterations by uncommenting these lines
# - /scripts/dd_zero.sh
# - 2
# or run shred utility for 2 iteration.s
- /scripts/shred.sh
- 2
# or blkdiscard utility by uncommenting the line below.
# - /scripts/blkdiscard.sh
# Uncomment to create storage class object with default configuration.
# storageClass: true
# Uncomment to create storage class object and configure it.
# storageClass:
# reclaimPolicy: Delete # Available reclaim policies: Delete/Retain, defaults: Delete.
# isDefaultClass: true # set as default class
# Configure DaemonSet for provisioner.
daemonset:
#
# Defines the name of a Provisioner
#
name: local-volume-provisioner
#
# Defines Provisioner s image name including container registry.
#
image: quay.io/external_storage/local-volume-provisioner:v2.3.3
#
# Defines Image download policy, see kubernetes documentation for available values.
#
#imagePullPolicy: Always
#
# Defines a name of the service account which Provisioner will use to communicate with API server.
#
serviceAccount: local-storage-admin
#
# Defines a name of the Pod Priority Class to use with the Provisioner DaemonSet
#
# Note that if you want to make it critical, specify system-cluster-critical
# or system-node-critical and deploy in kube-system namespace.
# Ref: https://k8s.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/guaranteed-scheduling-critical-addon-pods/#marking-pod-as-critical
#
#priorityClassName: system-node-critical
# If configured, nodeSelector will add a nodeSelector field to the DaemonSet PodSpec.
#
# NodeSelector constraint for local-volume-provisioner scheduling to nodes.
# Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/assign-pod-node/#nodeselector
nodeSelector: {}
#
# If configured KubeConfigEnv will (optionally) specify the location of kubeconfig file on the node.
# kubeConfigEnv: KUBECONFIG
#
# List of node labels to be copied to the PVs created by the provisioner in a format:
#
# nodeLabels:
# - failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/zone
# - failure-domain.beta.kubernetes.io/region
#
# If configured, tolerations will add a toleration field to the DaemonSet PodSpec.
#
# Node tolerations for local-volume-provisioner scheduling to nodes with taints.
# Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/taint-and-toleration/
tolerations: []
#
# If configured, resources will set the requests/limits field to the Daemonset PodSpec.
# Ref: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-compute-resources-container/
resources: {}
# Configure Prometheus monitoring
prometheus:
operator:
## Are you using Prometheus Operator?
enabled: false
serviceMonitor:
## Interval at which Prometheus scrapes the provisioner
interval: 10s
# Namespace Prometheus is installed in
namespace: monitoring
## Defaults to whats used if you follow CoreOS [Prometheus Install Instructions](https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator/tree/master/helm#tldr)
## [Prometheus Selector Label](https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator/blob/master/helm/prometheus/templates/prometheus.yaml#L65)
## [Kube Prometheus Selector Label](https://github.com/coreos/prometheus-operator/blob/master/helm/kube-prometheus/values.yaml#L298)
selector:
prometheus: kube-prometheus
將 hostDir: /mnt/fast-disks 改成 hostDir: /mnt/disks
將# storageClass: true 改成
storageClass: true
然后執(zhí)行:
# 安裝
[root@nebula ~]# helm install local-static-provisioner v2.3.3/helm/provisioner
#查看 local-static-provisioner 部署情況
[root@nebula ~]# helm list
部署 nebula 集群下載 nebula helm-chart 包
# 下載 nebula
[root@nebula ~]# wget https://github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula/archive/master.zip
# 解壓
[root@nebula ~]# unzip master.zip
設置 Kubernetes slave 節(jié)點
下面是 Kubernetes 節(jié)點列表,我們需要設置 slave 節(jié)點的調(diào)度標簽。可以將
192.168.0.2,192.168.0.3,192.168.0.4 打上 nebula:“yes”的標簽。
服務器 IPkubernetes rolesnodeName192.168.0.1master192.168.0.1192.168.0.2worker192.168.0.2192.168.0.3worker192.168.0.3192.168.0.4worker192.168.0.4
具體操作如下:
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl label node 192.168.0.2 nebula= yes --overwrite
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl label node 192.168.0.3 nebula= yes --overwrite
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl label node 192.168.0.4 nebula= yes --overwrite
調(diào)整 nebula helm chart 默認的 values 值
nebula helm-chart 包目錄如下:
master/kubernetes/
└── helm
├── Chart.yaml
├── templates
│ ├── configmap.yaml
│ ├── deployment.yaml
│ ├── _helpers.tpl
│ ├── ingress-configmap.yaml\
│ ├── NOTES.txt
│ ├── pdb.yaml
│ ├── service.yaml
│ └── statefulset.yaml
└── values.yaml
2 directories, 10 files
我們需要調(diào)整
master/kubernetes/values.yaml 里面的 MetadHosts 的值,將這個 IP List 替換本環(huán)境的 3 個 k8s worker 的 ip。
MetadHosts:
- 192.168.0.2:44500
- 192.168.0.3:44500
- 192.168.0.4:44500
通過 helm 安裝 nebula
# 安裝
[root@nebula ~]# helm install nebula master/kubernetes/helm
# 查看
[root@nebula ~]# helm status nebula
# 查看 k8s 集群上 nebula 部署情況
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl get pod | grep nebula
nebula-graphd-579d89c958-g2j2c 1/1 Running 0 1m
nebula-graphd-579d89c958-p7829 1/1 Running 0 1m
nebula-graphd-579d89c958-q74zx 1/1 Running 0 1m
nebula-metad-0 1/1 Running 0 1m
nebula-metad-1 1/1 Running 0 1m
nebula-metad-2 1/1 Running 0 1m
nebula-storaged-0 1/1 Running 0 1m
nebula-storaged-1 1/1 Running 0 1m
nebula-storaged-2 1/1 Running 0 1m
部署 Ingress-controller
Ingress-controller 是 Kubernetes 的一個 Add-Ons。Kubernetes 通過 ingress-controller 將 Kubernetes 內(nèi)部署的服務暴露給外部用戶訪問。Ingress-controller 還提供負載均衡的功能,可以將外部訪問流量平攤給 k8s 中應用的不同的副本。
選擇一個節(jié)點部署 Ingress-controller
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.0.1 Ready master 82d v1.16.1
192.168.0.2 Ready none 82d v1.16.1
192.168.0.3 Ready none 82d v1.16.1
192.168.0.4 Ready none 82d v1.16.1
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl label node 192.168.0.4 ingress=yes
編寫 ingress-nginx.yaml 部署文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: nginx-configuration
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: tcp-services
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: udp-services
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
-
resources:
- configmaps
- endpoints
- nodes
- pods
- secrets
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
-
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
-
resources:
- services
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
-
resources:
- events
verbs:
- create
- patch
- apiGroups:
- extensions
- networking.k8s.io
resources:
- ingresses/status
verbs:
- update
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-role
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
-
resources:
- configmaps
- pods
- secrets
- namespaces
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
-
resources:
- configmaps
resourceNames:
# Defaults to election-id - ingress-class
# Here: ingress-controller-leader - nginx
# This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
# when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
- ingress-controller-leader-nginx
verbs:
- get
- update
- apiGroups:
-
resources:
- configmaps
verbs:
- create
- apiGroups:
-
resources:
- endpoints
verbs:
- get
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: Role
name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
namespace: ingress-nginx
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: nginx-ingress-controller
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
template:
metadata:
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
annotations:
prometheus.io/port: 10254
prometheus.io/scrape: true
spec:
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
affinity:
podAntiAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
- labelSelector:
matchExpressions:
- key: app.kubernetes.io/name
operator: In
values:
- ingress-nginx
topologyKey: ingress-nginx.kubernetes.io/master
nodeSelector:
ingress: yes
serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
containers:
- name: nginx-ingress-controller
image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller-amd64:0.26.1
args:
- /nginx-ingress-controller
- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
- --tcp-services-configmap=default/graphd-services
- --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
- --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
- --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
- --http-port=8000
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
# www-data - 33
runAsUser: 33
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
- name: https
containerPort: 443
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
initialDelaySeconds: 10
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 10
readinessProbe:
failureThreshold: 3
httpGet:
path: /healthz
port: 10254
scheme: HTTP
periodSeconds: 10
successThreshold: 1
timeoutSeconds: 10
部署 ingress-nginx
# 部署
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl create -f ingress-nginx.yaml
# 查看部署情況
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
nginx-ingress-controller-mmms7 1/1 Running 2 1m
訪問 nebula 集群
查看 ingress-nginx 所在的節(jié)點:
[root@nebula ~]# kubectl get node -l ingress=yes -owide
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION INTERNAL-IP EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION CONTAINER-RUNTIME
192.168.0.4 Ready none 1d v1.16.1 192.168.0.4 none CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 7.6.1810.el7.x86_64 docker://19.3.3
訪問 nebula 集群:
[root@nebula ~]# docker run --rm -ti --net=host vesoft/nebula-console:nightly --addr=192.168.0.4 --port=3699
如何調(diào)整 nebula 集群的部署參數(shù)?
在使用 helm install 時,使用 —set 可以設置部署參數(shù),從而覆蓋掉 helm chart 中 values.yaml 中的變量。
如何查看 nebula 集群狀況?
使用 kubectl get pod | grep nebula 命令,或者直接在 Kubernetes dashboard 上查看 nebula 集群的運行狀況。
上述就是丸趣 TV 小編為大家分享的 Kubernetes 怎樣部署 Nebula 圖數(shù)據(jù)庫集群了,如果剛好有類似的疑惑,不妨參照上述分析進行理解。如果想知道更多相關知識,歡迎關注丸趣 TV 行業(yè)資訊頻道。