如何解析mysqldump備份原理

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本篇文章給大家分享的是有關(guān)如何解析 mysqldump 備份原理，丸趣 TV 小編覺得挺實用的，因此分享給大家學習，希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后可以有所收獲，話不多說，跟著丸趣 TV 小編一起來看看吧。

這里通過開啟 general log 追蹤 mysqldump 的備份過程，可以動態(tài)調(diào)整 general log 的參數(shù)設(shè)置。

一、不加 –single-transaction 備份
mysqldump –default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uroot –triggers -R -E -A –master-data=2 |gzip dbbackup.sql.gz
1、連接數(shù)據(jù)庫
2、調(diào)整 sql_mode、time_zone
3、刷新 tables(關(guān)閉所有打開的表并清空緩存數(shù)據(jù))
4、FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK(執(zhí)行全局讀鎖)
5、記錄相關(guān)變量、參數(shù)、binlog 位置等
6、備份數(shù)據(jù)文件、表空間等
7、備份業(yè)務(wù)表結(jié)構(gòu)、表數(shù)據(jù)、觸發(fā)器
8、備份系統(tǒng)表結(jié)構(gòu)、表數(shù)據(jù)、觸發(fā)器
9、備份函數(shù)、存儲過程
10、備份結(jié)束退出，全局鎖自動釋放
2017-06-24T00:48:48.622170Z 56 Connect root@localhost on using Socket
2017-06-24T00:48:48.622372Z 56 Query /*!40100 SET @@SQL_MODE= */
2017-06-24T00:48:48.622500Z 56 Query /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE= +00:00 */
2017-06-24T00:48:48.622654Z 56 Query FLUSH /*!40101 LOCAL */ TABLES
2017-06-24T00:48:48.623539Z 56 Query FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
2017-06-24T00:48:48.623669Z 56 Query SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE table_schema =
performance_schema AND table_name = session_variables
2017-06-24T00:48:48.624191Z 56 Query SELECT COUNT(*) FROM performance_schema.session_variables WHERE VARI
ABLE_NAME LIKE rocksdb\_skip\_fill\_cache
2017-06-24T00:48:48.625417Z 56 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE gtid\_mode
2017-06-24T00:48:48.627542Z 56 Query SHOW MASTER STATUS
2017-06-24T00:48:48.627743Z 56 Query SELECT LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE, E
NGINE, EXTRA FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = UNDO LOG AND FILE_NAME IS NOT NULL AND LOGFILE_GROUP_
NAME IS NOT NULL GROUP BY LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, ENGINE, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE ORDER BY LOGFILE_GROUP_
NAME
2017-06-24T00:48:48.628321Z 56 Query SELECT DISTINCT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, EXTE
NT_SIZE, INITIAL_SIZE, ENGINE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = DATAFILE ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME, L
OGFILE_GROUP_NAME
2017-06-24T00:48:48.628778Z 56 Query SHOW DATABASES
2017-06-24T00:48:48.629166Z 56 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ndbinfo\_version
2017-06-24T00:48:48.631175Z 56 Init DB dbtest
2017-06-24T00:48:48.631282Z 56 Query SHOW CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.631415Z 56 Query show tables
2017-06-24T00:48:48.631704Z 56 Query show table status like t
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632269Z 56 Query SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632372Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632462Z 56 Query show create table `t`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632642Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = utf8mb4
2017-06-24T00:48:48.632810Z 56 Query show fields from `t`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.633252Z 56 Query show fields from `t`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.633664Z 56 Query SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.633894Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634000Z 56 Query use `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634136Z 56 Query select @@collation_database
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634281Z 56 Query SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE t
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634750Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = utf8mb4
2017-06-24T00:48:48.634887Z 56 Query show table status like t1
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635388Z 56 Query SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635483Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635575Z 56 Query show create table `t1`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635719Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = utf8mb4
2017-06-24T00:48:48.635852Z 56 Query show fields from `t1`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.636268Z 56 Query show fields from `t1`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.636699Z 56 Query SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t1`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.636911Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637030Z 56 Query use `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637132Z 56 Query select @@collation_database
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637264Z 56 Query SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE t1
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637719Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = utf8mb4
2017-06-24T00:48:48.637856Z 56 Query show table status like t2
2017-06-24T00:48:48.638347Z 56 Query SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:48:48.638441Z 56 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary

二、加 –single-transaction 備份

mysqldump –default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uroot –triggers -R -E -A –master-data=2 –single-transaction |gzip dbbackup.sql.gz

1、連接數(shù)據(jù)庫
2、調(diào)整 sql_mode,time_zone
3、調(diào)整事務(wù)隔離界別為 RR（SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ）
4、開啟事務(wù)一致性快照（START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */）
5、記錄 gtid_mode、binlog 位置等信息
6、釋放全局鎖
7、備份數(shù)據(jù)文件、表空間數(shù)據(jù)
8、備份業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)庫表結(jié)構(gòu)
9、設(shè)置 savepoint sp(SAVEPOINT sp)
10、備份數(shù)據(jù)表結(jié)構(gòu)、表數(shù)據(jù)、觸發(fā)器、事件 (每備份完一個表，做一次 rollback to savepoint sp，釋放 DDL 鎖)
11、備份系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)庫、表結(jié)構(gòu)、觸發(fā)器
12、備份存儲過程、函數(shù)
13、釋放 savepoint
14、備份事件
15、備份結(jié)束會話退出

2017-06-24T00:58:05.650060Z 58 Connect root@localhost on using Socket
2017-06-24T00:58:05.650336Z 58 Query /*!40100 SET @@SQL_MODE= */
2017-06-24T00:58:05.650491Z 58 Query /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE= +00:00 */
2017-06-24T00:58:05.650703Z 58 Query SHOW STATUS LIKE binlog_snapshot_%
2017-06-24T00:58:05.660129Z 58 Query SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE table_schema =
performance_schema AND table_name = session_variables
2017-06-24T00:58:05.660477Z 58 Query SELECT COUNT(*) FROM performance_schema.session_variables WHERE VARI
ABLE_NAME LIKE rocksdb\_skip\_fill\_cache
2017-06-24T00:58:05.662214Z 58 Query SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ
2017-06-24T00:58:05.662314Z 58 Query START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */
2017-06-24T00:58:05.663369Z 58 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE gtid\_mode
2017-06-24T00:58:05.667436Z 58 Query SHOW STATUS LIKE binlog_snapshot_%
2017-06-24T00:58:05.670160Z 58 Query UNLOCK TABLES
2017-06-24T00:58:05.670343Z 58 Query SELECT LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE, E
NGINE, EXTRA FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = UNDO LOG AND FILE_NAME IS NOT NULL AND LOGFILE_GROUP_
NAME IS NOT NULL GROUP BY LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, ENGINE, TOTAL_EXTENTS, INITIAL_SIZE ORDER BY LOGFILE_GROUP_
NAME
2017-06-24T00:58:05.671210Z 58 Query SELECT DISTINCT TABLESPACE_NAME, FILE_NAME, LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, EXTE
NT_SIZE, INITIAL_SIZE, ENGINE FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES WHERE FILE_TYPE = DATAFILE ORDER BY TABLESPACE_NAME, L
OGFILE_GROUP_NAME
2017-06-24T00:58:05.671971Z 58 Query SHOW DATABASES
2017-06-24T00:58:05.672341Z 58 Query SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ndbinfo\_version
2017-06-24T00:58:05.675964Z 58 Init DB dbtest
2017-06-24T00:58:05.676080Z 58 Query SHOW CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.676223Z 58 Query SAVEPOINT sp
2017-06-24T00:58:05.676343Z 58 Query show tables
2017-06-24T00:58:05.676641Z 58 Query show table status like t
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677297Z 58 Query SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677404Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677525Z 58 Query show create table `t`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677659Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = utf8mb4
2017-06-24T00:58:05.677821Z 58 Query show fields from `t`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.678319Z 58 Query show fields from `t`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.678746Z 58 Query SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.678967Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679059Z 58 Query use `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679211Z 58 Query select @@collation_database
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679357Z 58 Query SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE t
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679851Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = utf8mb4
2017-06-24T00:58:05.679958Z 58 Query ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680059Z 58 Query show table status like t1
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680589Z 58 Query SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680702Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680807Z 58 Query show create table `t1`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.680945Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = utf8mb4
2017-06-24T00:58:05.681071Z 58 Query show fields from `t1`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.681579Z 58 Query show fields from `t1`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682021Z 58 Query SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `t1`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682244Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682369Z 58 Query use `dbtest`
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682477Z 58 Query select @@collation_database
2017-06-24T00:58:05.682609Z 58 Query SHOW TRIGGERS LIKE t1
2017-06-24T00:58:05.683147Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = utf8mb4
2017-06-24T00:58:05.683268Z 58 Query ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp
2017-06-24T00:58:05.683366Z 58 Query show table status like t2
2017-06-24T00:58:05.683899Z 58 Query SET SQL_QUOTE_SHOW_CREATE=1
2017-06-24T00:58:05.684005Z 58 Query SET SESSION character_set_results = binary

三、數(shù)據(jù)庫恢復
gunzip dbbackup.sql.gz |mysql -uroot –default-character-set=utf8mb4 -o dbtest

2017-06-24T01:06:22.926385Z 64 Connect root@localhost on dbtest using Socket
2017-06-24T01:06:22.926645Z 64 Query select @@version_comment limit 1
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927001Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927161Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927286Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927426Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927580Z 64 Query /*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927735Z 64 Query /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE= +00:00 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927856Z 64 Query /*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.927986Z 64 Query /*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_K
EY_CHECKS=0 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928099Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE= NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZE
RO */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928234Z 64 Query /*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928337Z 64 Query /*!50717 SET @rocksdb_bulk_load_var_name= rocksdb_bulk_load */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928527Z 64 Query /*!50717 SELECT COUNT(*) INTO @rocksdb_has_p_s_session_variables FRO
M INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = performance_schema AND TABLE_NAME = session_variables */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.928995Z 64 Query /*!50717 SET @rocksdb_get_is_supported = IF (@rocksdb_has_p_s_sessio
n_variables, SELECT COUNT(*) INTO @rocksdb_is_supported FROM performance_schema.session_variables WHERE VARIABLE_NA
ME=? , SELECT 0 ) */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.929105Z 64 Query /*!50717 PREPARE s FROM @rocksdb_get_is_supported */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.929259Z 64 Prepare SELECT COUNT(*) INTO @rocksdb_is_supported FROM performance_schema.s
ession_variables WHERE VARIABLE_NAME=?
2017-06-24T01:06:22.929346Z 64 Query /*!50717 EXECUTE s USING @rocksdb_bulk_load_var_name */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.929370Z 64 Execute SELECT COUNT(*) INTO @rocksdb_is_supported FROM performance_schema.s
ession_variables WHERE VARIABLE_NAME= rocksdb_bulk_load
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931165Z 64 Query /*!50717 DEALLOCATE PREPARE s */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931306Z 64 Query /*!50717 SET @rocksdb_enable_bulk_load = IF (@rocksdb_is_supported,
SET SESSION rocksdb_bulk_load = 1 , SET @rocksdb_dummy_bulk_load = 0 ) */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931426Z 64 Query /*!50717 PREPARE s FROM @rocksdb_enable_bulk_load */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931463Z 64 Prepare SET @rocksdb_dummy_bulk_load = 0
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931558Z 64 Query /*!50717 EXECUTE s */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931573Z 64 Execute SET @rocksdb_dummy_bulk_load = 0
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931666Z 64 Query /*!50717 DEALLOCATE PREPARE s */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.931805Z 64 Query CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `dbtest` /*!40100 DEFAULT C
HARACTER SET utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.932975Z 64 Init DB dbtest
2017-06-24T01:06:22.933111Z 64 Query DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t`
2017-06-24T01:06:22.933728Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.933859Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.934023Z 64 Query CREATE TABLE `t` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2017-06-24T01:06:22.939020Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.939213Z 64 Query LOCK TABLES `t` WRITE
2017-06-24T01:06:22.939616Z 64 Query /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t` DISABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.940164Z 64 Query INSERT INTO `t` VALUES (1)
2017-06-24T01:06:22.941111Z 64 Query /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t` ENABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.941871Z 64 Query UNLOCK TABLES
2017-06-24T01:06:22.942023Z 64 Query DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`
2017-06-24T01:06:22.942558Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.942702Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.942879Z 64 Query CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2017-06-24T01:06:22.946848Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.946986Z 64 Query LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE
2017-06-24T01:06:22.947344Z 64 Query /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.947867Z 64 Query INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES (1, name)
2017-06-24T01:06:22.948877Z 64 Query /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.949727Z 64 Query UNLOCK TABLES
2017-06-24T01:06:22.949847Z 64 Query DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t2`
2017-06-24T01:06:22.950384Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.950488Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.950632Z 64 Query CREATE TABLE `t2` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2017-06-24T01:06:22.954865Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.955009Z 64 Query LOCK TABLES `t2` WRITE
2017-06-24T01:06:22.955370Z 64 Query /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t2` DISABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.955873Z 64 Query INSERT INTO `t2` VALUES (1, name),(1, name)
2017-06-24T01:06:22.957048Z 64 Query /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t2` ENABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.957872Z 64 Query UNLOCK TABLES
2017-06-24T01:06:22.958010Z 64 Query DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t3`
2017-06-24T01:06:22.958512Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.958618Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.958778Z 64 Query CREATE TABLE `t3` (
`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2017-06-24T01:06:22.972610Z 64 Query /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */
2017-06-24T01:06:22.972767Z 64 Query LOCK TABLES `t3` WRITE
2017-06-24T01:06:22.973184Z 64 Query /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t3` DISABLE KEYS */
2017-06-24T01:06:23.001988Z 64 Query INSERT INTO `t3` VALUES (1, name1),(2, name2),(3, name3)

四、mysqldump 備份恢復總結(jié)

1、mysqldump 是通過 select * from table_name 來獲取表的數(shù)據(jù)進而完成備份。
2、START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */ 必須放到 FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK 和 UNLOCK TABLES 之間，放到之前會造成 START TRANSACTION /*!40100 WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT */ 和 FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK 之間執(zhí)行的 DML 語句丟失，放到之后，會造成從庫重復插入數(shù)據(jù)。
3、mysqldump 只適合放到業(yè)務(wù)低峰期做，如果備份的過程中數(shù)據(jù)操作很頻繁，會造成 Undo 表空間越來越大，undo 表空間默認是放到共享表空間中的，而 ibdata 的特性是一旦增大，就不會收縮。（可重復讀的數(shù)據(jù)會在 undo 中保存，dml 也會產(chǎn)生相關(guān)的 redo/undo）
4、–single-transaction 開啟事務(wù)一致性快照，開始 savepoint，每次備份完執(zhí)行 rollback to savepoint 為了防止表的 DDL 阻塞，而調(diào)整事務(wù)隔離界別 RR 為了保障會話的可重復讀，從而達到備份數(shù)據(jù)的一致性。

以上就是如何解析 mysqldump 備份原理，丸趣 TV 小編相信有部分知識點可能是我們?nèi)粘９ぷ鲿姷交蛴玫降摹ＯＭ隳芡ㄟ^這篇文章學到更多知識。更多詳情敬請關(guān)注丸趣 TV 行業(yè)資訊頻道。

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