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這篇文章主要介紹 sqlplus 中 prelim / as sysdba 宕機且無法進入怎么辦，文中介紹的非常詳細，具有一定的參考價值，感興趣的小伙伴們一定要看完！
遇到一個系統(tǒng)，數(shù)據(jù)庫無法正常運行，查看數(shù)據(jù)庫的進程發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫已宕，結(jié)果如下：
[oracle@xiaowu ~]$ ps -ef | grep
ora_
oracle 6218 6161 0 09:39 pts/2 00:00:00 grep
ora_
用超級管理員用戶登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫時，系統(tǒng)報 ORA-00020
的錯誤，很奇怪，數(shù)據(jù)庫未啟動，還報進程數(shù)超上限的錯誤。
[oracle@xiaowu ~]$ sqlplus / as
sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0
Production on Wed Oct 23 10:48:12 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.
All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-00020:maximum number of
processes (500) exceeded
Enter user-name:
解決 ORA-00020
錯誤，加大 processes 的參數(shù)值即可，但是需要正常啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫并成功登陸后才能修改，但是現(xiàn)在數(shù)據(jù)庫都無法正常啟動，一時想不到解決方法，最后求助資深 DBA 解決，方法如下：
首先通過加參數(shù)“-prelim”成功登陸數(shù)據(jù)庫
[oracle@xiaowu ~]$ sqlplus -prelim / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0
Production on Wed Oct 23 11:10:09 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.
All rights reserved.
SQL
此時就可以正常關(guān)閉和開啟數(shù)據(jù)庫，安裝如下命令操作解決問題：
shutdown immediate;
startup;
show parameter processes;
alter system set processes=1000 scope=spfile;
startup force;
show parameter
processes;
exit;
************************************************************************************************
未完全關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫導(dǎo)致 ORA-01012: not logged 的解決
首先使用 SHUTDOWN NORMAL 方式關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫，在數(shù)據(jù)庫未關(guān)閉時 CTRL+ Z 停止執(zhí)行，退出用 SQLPLUS 重登陸，出現(xiàn)報錯：ORA-01012: not logged on
實驗如下：
首先執(zhí)行
SYS@bys1 shutdown
ORA-01013: user requested cancel of current operation
[oracle@bys001 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Sep 7 09:05:08 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected.
ERROR:
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
SYS@bys1 startup
ORA-01012: not logged on
SYS@bys1 conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
ERROR:
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
SYS@bys1 conn bys/bys
ERROR:
ORA-01090: shutdown in progress – connection is not permitted
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
解決方法：
找到進程，kill 掉就可以了。
[oracle@bys001 ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora_dbw0_
oracle 6519 1 0 Sep06 ? 00:00:15 ora_dbw0_bys1
oracle 20947 20924 0 09:08 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora_dbw0_
[oracle@bys001 ~]$ kill -9 6519
[oracle@bys001 ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora_dbw0_
oracle 20949 20924 0 09:08 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora_dbw0_
[oracle@bys001 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat Sep 7 09:08:22 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SYS@bys1 startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 631914496 bytes
Fixed Size 1338364 bytes
Variable Size 264242180 bytes
Database Buffers 360710144 bytes
Redo Buffers 5623808 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SYS@bys1
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