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本篇內(nèi)容介紹了“GoldenGate 的基本原理介紹”的有關(guān)知識，在實際案例的操作過程中，不少人都會遇到這樣的困境，接下來就讓丸趣 TV 小編帶領(lǐng)大家學(xué)習(xí)一下如何處理這些情況吧！希望大家仔細(xì)閱讀，能夠?qū)W有所成！
什么是 GoldenGate
官方定義：
Oracle GoldenGate is a comprehensive software package for real-time data integration and replication in heterogeneous IT environments.The product set enables high availability solutions, real-time data integration, transactional change data capture, data replication, transformations, and verification between operational and analytical enterprise systems.
大白話版：
Oracle GoldenGate(OGG)只會做一件事：復(fù)制數(shù)據(jù)。除此之外，啥也不會。
專一
高效
跨平臺
OGG 支持的平臺
支持的數(shù)據(jù)庫：
Oracle
MySQL
DB2
SQL Server
NonStop SQL/MX
Sybase
Teradata
TimesTen
PostgreSQL
Informix
支持的平臺：
Unix(Solaris,AIX,HP-UX)
Linux
Windows
z/OS
HP NonStop
支持的操作：
DML
DDL
OGG 支持的架構(gòu)
OGG 基本原理 -Oracle 的 Redo Log 機(jī)制
LGWR: Log Writer Process
日志寫進(jìn)程，將緩存中的 Change Vector 寫入到文件 (Online Redo Log) 中
ARCn: Archiver Processes
歸檔進(jìn)程，對 Online Redo Log 進(jìn)行拷貝
Redo Log:
記錄數(shù)據(jù)庫的變更數(shù)據(jù) (Change Vector)。
分為：Online Redo Log 和 Archived Redo Log
OGG 基本原理 - 工作機(jī)制
主要進(jìn)程：
Manager
總控進(jìn)程
管理其它進(jìn)程
管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口
管理 TRAIL 文件
管理運行日志
Extract
數(shù)據(jù)抓取
數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)(Data Pump)
Replicat
數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用
Collector
數(shù)據(jù)接收
主要文件：
Trail
數(shù)據(jù)的記錄
Checkpoints
數(shù)據(jù)檢查點信息
OGG 的安裝
環(huán)境: CentOS 6.7/Oracle 11.2.0.4/GoldenGate 11.2.1.0.32
Step 1. 設(shè)置環(huán)境變量
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
Step 2. 解壓縮軟件包
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1
tar xf fbo_ggs_Linux_x64_ora11g_64bit.tar
Step 3. 安裝運行目錄
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1
./ggsci
GGSCI create subdirs
OGG 實施的基本步驟
場景：源庫的表 J.T1 實時同步到目標(biāo)庫的 J.T1
Step 1. 源端 OGG 賬號配置
SQL CREATE TABLESPACE GGS DATAFILE +DATA01 SIZE 4G;
SQL CREATE USER GGS IDENTIFIED BY GGS123 DEFAULT TABLESPACE GGS QUOTA UNLIMITED ON GGS;
SQL GRANT DBA TO GGS;
$ ./keygen 128 1
0xD63ED81A1DA4DA0596004362410C5522
$ cat ENCKEYS
DEFKEY 0xD63ED81A1DA4DA0596004362410C5522
GGSCI encrypt password GGS123 encryptkey DEFKEY
Encrypted password: AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC
Algorithm used: AES128
Step 2. 源端數(shù)據(jù)庫配置
SQL ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
SQL ALTER DATABASE ADD SUPPLEMENTAL LOG DATA;
GGSCI dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI add trandata J.T1
Step 3. 源端 Manager 進(jìn)程配置
GGSCI edit params MGR
PORT 7809
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 30
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 5, WAITMINUTES 1, RESETMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 60
GGSCI start MGR
Step 4. 源端 Extract 進(jìn)程配置
GGSCI edit params EJT
EXTRACT EJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1)
SETENV (ORACLE_SID= stest)
USERID GGS, PASSWORD AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, ENCRYPTKEY DEFKEY
TRANLOGOPTIONS DBLOGREADER, DBLOGREADERBUFSIZE 2097152
EXTTRAIL /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/EJT.dsc, APPEND Megabytes 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
FETCHOPTIONS, FETCHPKUPDATECOLS, USESNAPSHOT, NOUSELATESTVERSION, MISSINGROW REPORT
STATOPTIONS REPORTFETCH
WARNLONGTRANS 1H, CHECKINTERVAL 5M
TABLE J.T1 ;
Step 5. 源端添加 Extract 進(jìn)程
GGSCI add extract EJT, tranlog, begin now
GGSCI add exttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta, extract EJT, megabytes 256
GGSCI start extract EJT
Step 6. 目標(biāo)端數(shù)據(jù)庫配置
SQL ALTER SYSTEM SET enable_goldengate_replication=TRUE;
Step 7. 目標(biāo)端 OGG 賬號配置
參見 Step 1. 源端 OGG 賬號配置
Step 8. 目標(biāo)端 Checkpoint 配置
GGSCI dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI add checkpointtable ggs.checkpoint
Step 9. 目標(biāo)端 Manager 進(jìn)程配置
GGSCI edit params ./GLOBALS
CHECKPOINTTABLE ggs.checkpoint
ALLOWOUTPUTDIR /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat
GGSCI edit params MGR
PORT 7809
PURGEOLDEXTRACTS /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta*, USECHECKPOINTS, MINKEEPDAYS 30
AUTORESTART ER *, RETRIES 5, WAITMINUTES 1, RESETMINUTES 30
LAGREPORTMINUTES 30
LAGCRITICALMINUTES 60
GGSCI start MGR
Step 10. 源端 Data Pump 進(jìn)程配置
GGSCI edit params PJT
EXTRACT PJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1)
PASSTHRU
RMTHOST tj, MGRPORT 7809
RMTTRAIL /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/PJT.dsc, APPEND, MEGABYTES 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
TABLE J.T1 ;
Step 11. 源端添加 Data Pump 進(jìn)程
GGSCI add extract PJT, exttrailsource /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
GGSCI add rmttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta, extract PJT, megabytes 256
GGSCI start extract PJT
Step 12. 目標(biāo)端 Replicat 進(jìn)程配置
GGSCI edit params RJT
REPLICAT RJT
SETENV (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/database/11.2.0/db_1)
SETENV (ORACLE_SID= ttest)
SETENV (NLS_LANG = AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK)
USERID GGS, PASSWORD AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, ENCRYPTKEY DEFKEY
DISCARDFILE /u01/app/oracle/product/ogg/gghome/11.2.1/gghome_1/dirrpt/RJT.dsc, APPEND Megabytes 256
DISCARDROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTROLLOVER AT 00:00 on SUNDAY
REPORTCOUNT EVERY 4 HOURS, RATE
ASSUMETARGETDEFS
MAP J.T1, TARGET J.T1;
Step 13. 目標(biāo)端添加 Replicat 進(jìn)程
GGSCI dblogin userid ggs, password AADAAAAAAAAAAAGAJDSJTIIEHJJBOBPDNEZBYIAAPDOCCFGILFMAOGNCMCCAXABIQIFIJAXCKBLFQIMC, encryptkey DEFKEY
GGSCI add replicat RJT, exttrail /data01/oracle/ogg/dirdat/ta
Step 14. 數(shù)據(jù)初始化 - 源端數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出
SQL SELECT CURRENT_SCN FROM V$DATABASE;
CURRENT_SCN
————-
373926987
$ expdp system/systm123 directory=DUMPDIR dumpfile=JT1.dump tables=J.T1 flashback_scn=373926987 logfile=JT1.expdp.log
Step 15. 數(shù)據(jù)初始化 - 目標(biāo)端數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入
$ impdp system/systm123 directory=DUMPDIR dumpfile=JT1.dump logfile=JT1.impdp.log
Step 16. 目標(biāo)端啟 Replicat 進(jìn)程
GGSCI start replicat RJT, atcsn 373926987
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