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本篇文章為大家展示了 PostgreSQL 數據庫單機怎樣擴展為流復制，內容簡明扼要并且容易理解，絕對能使你眼前一亮，通過這篇文章的詳細介紹希望你能有所收獲。
1. 在 standby 服務器安裝 postgres 數據庫, 不需要初始化.
安裝過程詳見:http://www.cnblogs.com/ilifeilong/p/6979288.html
2. 在 primary 服務器創建具有 REPLICATION 權限的復制用戶
postgres=# CREATE ROLE repl WITH REPLICATION PASSWORD lsquo;repl lsquo; LOGIN;3. 允許復制用戶遠程連接到 primary 服務器
$ grep ^host pg_hba.conf host all all 127.0.0.1/32 trust host replication repl 0.0.0.0/0 md5 host all all ::1/128 trust4. 在 primary 服務器設置流復制相關的參數
$ mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/arch $ egrep archive_mode|max_wal_senders|wal_keep_segments|archive_command|wal_level|hot_standby postgresql.conf al_level = hot_standby # minimal, archive, hot_standby, or logical archive_mode = on # enables archiving; off, on, or always archive_command = lsquo;test ! -f /usr/local/pgsql/arch/%f cp %p /usr/local/pgsql/arch/%f lsquo; max_wal_senders = 5 # max number of walsender processes wal_keep_segments = 30 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables hot_standby = on # on allows queries during recovery #hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent5. 重新啟動 primary 服務器進程
$ pg_ctl stop -m fast $ pg_ctl start6. 對 primary 服務器做一個全備并傳輸到 standby 服務器
在 primary 服務器通過 pg_(start|stop)_backup 函數進行備份
postgres=# SELECT pg_start_backup(lsquo;label lsquo;, true); pg_start_backup ----------------- 7/E6000060 (1 row) $ rsync -az --progress ${PGDATA} postgres@10.189.100.195:/usr/local/pgsql/ --exclude postmaster.pid postgres=# SELECT pg_stop_backup(); NOTICE: pg_stop_backup complete, all required WAL segments have been archived pg_stop_backup ---------------- 7/E60005C8 (1 row)在 standby 服務器通過 pg_basebackup 命令進行備份, 要求 standby 的 PGDATA 目錄為空
$ pg_basebackup --host=10.189.102.118 --username=repl --port=5432 --label=backup --verbose --progress --pgdata=/usr/local/pgsql/data --checkpoint=fast --format=p --xlog-method=stream Password: transaction log start point: 7/EA000028 on timeline 1 pg_basebackup: starting background WAL receiver 65933562/65933562 kB (100%), 1/1 tablespace transaction log end point: 7/EA000830 pg_basebackup: waiting for background process to finish streaming ... pg_basebackup: base backup completed7. 設置 standby 數據庫復制相關參數, 使得 standby 失效轉移后可以作為主庫工作
$ mkdir /usr/local/pgsql/arch $ egrep archive_mode|max_wal_senders|wal_keep_segments|archive_command|wal_level|hot_standby postgresql.conf wal_level = hot_standby # minimal, archive, hot_standby, or logical archive_mode = on # enables archiving; off, on, or always archive_command = lsquo;test ! -f /usr/local/pgsql/arch/%f cp %p /usr/local/pgsql/arch/%f lsquo; max_wal_senders = 5 # max number of walsender processes wal_keep_segments = 30 # in logfile segments, 16MB each; 0 disables hot_standby = on # on allows queries during recovery #hot_standby_feedback = off # send info from standby to prevent8. 在 standby 文件創建恢復文件
$ cat recovery.conf restore_command = lsquo;cp /usr/local/pgsql/arch/%f %p lsquo; standby_mode = lsquo;on lsquo; primary_conninfo = lsquo;user=repl password=repl host=10.189.102.118 port=5432 sslmode=disable sslcompression=1 lsquo; archive_cleanup_command = lsquo;pg_archivecleanup -d /usr/local/pgsql/arch %r /usr/local/pgsql/arch/archive_cleanup.log lsquo; trigger_file = lsquo;/usr/local/pgsql/data/trigger_active_standby lsquo;9. 啟動 standby 數據庫進程, 自動啟動流復制
$ pg_ctl start -w waiting for server to start....LOG: could not create IPv6 socket: Address family not supported by protocol LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process HINT: Future log output will appear in directory pg_log . done server started10. 檢查 primary 和 standby 數據庫的延遲
通過函數和系統表查看
edbstore=# select * from pg_stat_replication; #在 primary 主庫查看 -[ RECORD 1 ]----+------------------------------ pid | 15013 usesysid | 19206 usename | repl application_name | walreceiver client_addr | 10.189.100.195 client_hostname | client_port | 56072 backend_start | 2017-06-13 08:10:35.400508-07 backend_xmin | state | streaming sent_location | 7/EC01A588 write_location | 7/EC01A588 flush_location | 7/EC01A588 replay_location | 7/EC01A588 sync_priority | 0 sync_state | async edbstore=# SELECT pg_current_xlog_location(); #在 primary 主庫查看 pg_current_xlog_location -------------------------- 7/EC01A588 (1 row) postgres=# select pg_last_xlog_receive_location(),pg_last_xlog_replay_location(),pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp(); # 在 standby 備庫查看 pg_last_xlog_receive_location | pg_last_xlog_replay_location | pg_last_xact_replay_timestamp -------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------- 7/EC01A588 | 7/EC01A588 | 2017-06-13 08:25:20.281568-07 (1 row)通過進程查看
$ ps -ef | grep sender | grep -v grep #在 primary 庫查看 postgres 15013 24883 0 08:10 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal sender process repl 10.189.100.195(56072) streaming 7/EC01A668 $ ps -ef | grep receiver | grep -v grep # 在 standby 庫查看 postgres 12857 12843 0 08:10 ? 00:00:00 postgres: wal receiver process streaming 7/EC01A668上述內容就是 PostgreSQL 數據庫單機怎樣擴展為流復制，你們學到知識或技能了嗎？如果還想學到更多技能或者豐富自己的知識儲備，歡迎關注丸趣 TV 行業資訊頻道。
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